AI Hallucination Cases
US courts are deciding AI hallucination and sanctions cases at an accelerating pace. This tracker publishes a reference page per case with links to dockets, orders, and the related state bar rules or court standing orders that apply.
Covers monetary sanctions, bar discipline referrals, disqualifications, license suspensions, pro hac vice revocations, and pending cases where the appellate court has not yet ruled.
For the chronological view across all three trackers and federal AI guidance, see the AI legal regulation timeline.
+11 nationwide cases bind every state and don't show on the map (In re Philips Recalled CPAP, Bi-Level PAP, and Mechanical Ventilator Products Liability Litigation (Gravelyn Transfer Order) , Mission Critical Project Services, Inc. , Riddle Aggregates, LLC, Ornstein-Schuler, LLC, Tax Matters Partner v. Commissioner , +8 more).
About the map
The map highlights the strictest case binding each state. Color encodes severity; the count and breakdown appear in the tooltip. Nationwide tribunals (USPTO, JPML, EOIR, Tax Court) are tracked in the count and breakdown but excluded from the color so they don't wash out the per-state signal. On smaller states (RI, CT, DE, DC), use the "Choose state" picker below the map or keyboard arrow navigation from a focused neighbor. The map satisfies WCAG 2.5.8 via the picker (44 px+ touch targets for every state) and the keyboard adjacency map.
Showing 505 of 505 cases.
| Case | Court | Date | AI Tool | Outcome | Amount | Verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Krista C. Geddes v. LoanCare, LLC, et al. | E.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California | Apr 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $1,000 | May 2026 |
| Primerica Life Insurance Co. v. Finlayson | D. Utah U.S. District Court, District of Utah | Apr 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Williams v. Honl | Or. Ct. App. Court of Appeals of Oregon | Apr 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $8,044.25 | May 2026 |
| Bunce v. Visual Technology Innovations, Inc. | E.D. Pa. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania | Apr 2026 | ChatGPT (2025 order); AI-assisted legal research tool (2026 order, specific product not named) | Court sanction | $7,500 (two sanctions: $2,500 in Feb 2025 and $5,000 in Apr 2026) | Apr 2026 |
| In re Prince Global Holdings Limited, et al. | Bankr. S.D.N.Y. U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Southern District of New York | Apr 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Other | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Saunders v. Albertsons/Safeway, LLC | D. Colo. U.S. District Court, District of Colorado | Apr 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| White v. Walmart, Inc. | S.D. Ind. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Indiana, Indianapolis Division | Apr 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Rodriguez v. Rodriguez | Fla. 6th DCA Florida Sixth District Court of Appeal | Apr 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| In re Troylond Malon Wise | Bankr. W.D. La. U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Western District of Louisiana, Lafayette Division | Apr 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $2,750 | Apr 2026 |
| Brooks v. Lowe's Home Centers, LLC | W.D. La. U.S. District Court, Western District of Louisiana, Alexandria Division | Apr 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Thanh Nguy v. Jabil Inc. | N.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Northern District of California | Apr 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Gamez v. County of Fresno | E.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California | Apr 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| In re Philips Recalled CPAP, Bi-Level PAP, and Mechanical Ventilator Products Liability Litigation (Gravelyn Transfer Order) | J.P.M.L. United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation (transferee: W.D. Pa.) | Apr 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| In re Kathleen A. Rabon | Bankr. D. Conn. U.S. Bankruptcy Court, District of Connecticut | Apr 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Modern Floor Specialists, Inc. v. City of Los Angeles | C.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Central District of California | Apr 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| United States v. Farris | 6th Cir. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit | Apr 2026 | Westlaw CoCounsel | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Stanford v. Leinart | Tex. App. Court of Appeals of Texas, Second District (Fort Worth) | Apr 2026 | Unidentified (the court found a 'hallucinated' authority 'generated from the use of artificial intelligence'; no specific tool named) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Patrick Hrdlichka v. Samantha Bengston | Ark. Ct. App. Court of Appeals of Arkansas | Apr 2026 | Unidentified (the court found the brief cited 'fictitious' cases not in any legal database; no AI tool named in the opinion) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Maldonado v. Professional Animal Retirement Center | N.D. Ind. U.S. District Court, Northern District of Indiana, Fort Wayne Division | Apr 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $1,500 | Apr 2026 |
| Allen v. Western Governors University | D. Nev. U.S. District Court, District of Nevada | Mar 2026 | Generative AI (court found plaintiff either fabricated citations or "enlisted assistance of AI, which misrepresented and fabricated cases" without verification) | Court sanction | Defendants' attorneys' fees and costs incurred from the false citations (amount unquantified in order); case dismissed with prejudice | May 2026 |
| Christopher A. Ambrose v. Bandy X. Lee | D. Conn. U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Warning | None (warning only; the Court declared a no-tolerance policy for AI-assisted briefing that hallucinates legal propositions or severely misstates the law, and stated such filings 'will often result in sanctions absent reasonable excuse') | May 2026 |
| Colbert v. County of Riverside | C.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Central District of California | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Feldman v. District 6 Board of Education | C.D. Ill. U.S. District Court, Central District of Illinois | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Feldman v. District 6 Board of Education | C.D. Ill. U.S. District Court, Central District of Illinois | Mar 2026 | Generative AI inferred (court did not require formal AI-use finding; cited the AI-fabrication pattern of nonexistent cases and unsupported propositions) | Warning | Pending | May 2026 |
| Ford v. Sherwin-Williams | D. Kan. U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas | Mar 2026 | Unidentified generative AI (the court inferred AI use from a fabricated citation; Mr. Ford did not identify a specific tool on the record) | Warning | Pending | May 2026 |
| FTC v. Noland | D. Ariz. U.S. District Court, District of Arizona | Mar 2026 | Generative AI suspected, specific tool not named in the order | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Heimkes v. Fairhope Motorcoach Resort Condominium Owners Ass'n, Inc. | S.D. Ala. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Alabama | Mar 2026 | Cocounsel | Court sanction | $55,597 | Apr 2026 |
| Mohamed Hussain et al. v. Mansoor Quraishi et al. | Conn. Super. Ct. Superior Court of Connecticut, Judicial District of Tolland at Rockville | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Montes v. Suns Legacy Partners LLC | D. Ariz. U.S. District Court, District of Arizona | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Quandel Construction Group, Inc. v. Hunt Construction Group, Inc. | S.D. Ohio U.S. District Court, Southern District of Ohio | Mar 2026 | Disputed (defendants' counsel denied using generative AI; plaintiff's counsel hypothesized a GenAI hallucination; the court declined to make a formal AI-use finding) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Rivera v. Triad Properties Corporation | N.D. Ala. U.S. District Court, Northern District of Alabama | Mar 2026 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | $47,056.90 | Apr 2026 |
| Zavadovsky v. Republic of Austria | D.D.C. U.S. District Court, District of Columbia | Mar 2026 | Generative AI implied; the order references citations characteristic of AI hallucination output | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Dec v. Mullin | 7th Cir. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit | Mar 2026 | AI-generated (court found error not knowing/intentional) | Court sanction | None (public admonishment, no monetary sanction) | Apr 2026 |
| Fleck v. Del-One Federal Credit Union | D. Or. U.S. District Court, District of Oregon | Mar 2026 | Generative AI tools (plaintiff's company "MarketPulse AI" systems, specific product not identified) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Beedemariam Kassaw v. Wal-Mart Corporation | W.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Western District of New York | Mar 2026 | Implied (court found apparent use of generative AI; specific tool not identified on the record) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Morgan v. V2X, Inc. | D. Colo. U.S. District Court, District of Colorado | Mar 2026 | Consumer AI platforms (specific tools to be disclosed by plaintiff) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| 76 Route 6 Holdings Inc. v. Town of Yorktown | S.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Souza v. City of Fitchburg | D. Mass. U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts | Mar 2026 | Generative AI (court found the pro se plaintiff relied on generative AI to draft his filings; specific tool not identified) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Williams v. Chicago Board of Education | N.D. Ill. U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Williams v. Crystal Springs Apartments LLC | D. Ariz. U.S. District Court, District of Arizona | Mar 2026 | Generative AI tools listed by the court included ChatGPT, Claude, Copilot, DeepSeek, Google Gemini, and Grok | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Amtrust North America o/b/o Justin McGinness v. Liberty Mutual Insurance Company | N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $1,000 | Apr 2026 |
| McCarthy v. United States Drug Enforcement Administration | 3d Cir. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Andrea K. Tantaros v. Fox News Network, LLC | S.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York | Mar 2026 | Implied (court suspected AI hallucinations; specific tool not identified on the record) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Baker v. Rastelli Foods LLC | D.N.J. U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Warning | None monetary (warning + filing precondition: any future amended pleading or similar action in this Court must include PDF copies of each cited case with the supporting text highlighted; non-compliance is grounds for show-cause and sanctions) | May 2026 |
| Mission Critical Project Services, Inc. | GAO U.S. Government Accountability Office | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Other | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| State National Insurance Company, Inc. v. Treadwell | N.D. Ala. U.S. District Court, Northern District of Alabama | Mar 2026 | ChatGPT and OpenCase | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Wallace v. PennyMac Loan Services, LLC | D. Nev. U.S. District Court, District of Nevada | Mar 2026 | Generative AI (court named ChatGPT as exemplar; specific tool not affirmatively identified) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Biglow v. Dell Technologies, Inc. | 10th Cir. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit | Mar 2026 | ChatGPT (named in opinion as an example of generative AI) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Harris v. Washington County (Purgatory Correctional Facility) | D. Utah U.S. District Court, District of Utah | Mar 2026 | Generative AI generally; specific tool not named in the order | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Layton v. Layton | Ariz. Ct. App. Arizona Court of Appeals, Division One | Mar 2026 | Generative AI suspected, specific tool not named in the opinion | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Segui v. Moniz | D. Ariz. U.S. District Court, District of Arizona | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Jane Doe, et al. v. Lincoln Consolidated Schools, et al. | E.D. Mich. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan, Southern Division | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Moulder v. Davis School District | D. Utah U.S. District Court, District of Utah | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $1,525.50 | Apr 2026 |
| Stafford v. Taffet | D. Or. U.S. District Court, District of Oregon (Medford Division) | Mar 2026 | Generative AI (specific product not identified by court; "hallucinated" citations consistent with AI-generated content) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Pamela Blair v. Sanctuary Bluff Homeowners Association, Inc. | Ky. Ct. App. Kentucky Court of Appeals | Mar 2026 | Unidentified generative AI (Blair admitted using AI; no specific tool named) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Daniel Gentry v. Calvin Thompson, et al. | E.D. La. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana | Mar 2026 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | $1,250 | May 2026 |
| Lopez v. Mead Johnson Nutrition Company | N.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Northern District of California | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Prososki v. Regan | Neb. Sup. Ct. Nebraska Supreme Court | Mar 2026 | AI (unspecified; appellant's counsel denied AI use, but appellee asserted the brief's nonexistent and inaccurate citations were the product of generative AI) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| State v. Coleman | Ohio Ct. App. (11th Dist.) Ohio Court of Appeals, Eleventh Appellate District (Ashtabula County) | Mar 2026 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | $2,000 | May 2026 |
| Brownfield v. Cherokee County School District No. 35 | E.D. Okla. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Oklahoma | Mar 2026 | Generative AI (specific tool not identified on the record) | Court sanction | $500 | May 2026 |
| Prisbrey v. Prisbrey | Utah Ct. App. Utah Court of Appeals | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Sheerer v. Panas | Cal. Ct. App. Court of Appeal of California, First Appellate District, Division Four | Mar 2026 | Generative AI (Panas admitted in a post-argument declaration that his error was 'caused by his use of an AI tool and his failure to verify his citations'; specific tool not named) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Doiban v. Oregon Liquor and Cannabis Commission | Or. Ct. App. Oregon Court of Appeals | Mar 2026 | Google and Safari AI-generated search summaries (not a dedicated legal AI tool) | Court sanction | $10,000 | May 2026 |
| Forest Ridge Townhomes Corporation of Greensboro v. Heag Pain Management Center, P.A. | N.C. Ct. App. North Carolina Court of Appeals | Mar 2026 | Perplexity.AI (Professional Version) | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Francois v. Vive Financial | Fla. 4th DCA Florida Fourth District Court of Appeal | Mar 2026 | Generative AI (court identified 'reliance on generative artificial-intelligence tools' as a cause of fictitious citations; specific tool not named) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Riddle Aggregates, LLC, Ornstein-Schuler, LLC, Tax Matters Partner v. Commissioner | U.S. Tax Ct. United States Tax Court | Mar 2026 | Grammarly, ChatGPT, Gemini | Other | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Singletary v. SWBC Mortgage Corp. | 5th Cir. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit | Mar 2026 | Unspecified; the opinion refers to 'AI-hallucinated case law' without naming a particular tool. | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Wilkes v. Canyons School District | D. Utah U.S. District Court, District of Utah, Central Division | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Appeals of DSME Construction Co., Ltd. | ASBCA Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals (ASBCA) | Mar 2026 | Implied (generative AI; appellant did not confirm or deny use) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Taylor v. Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department | D. Nev. U.S. District Court, District of Nevada | Mar 2026 | Generative AI (court characterized citations as "hallucinogenic"; specific tool not identified) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Whiting v. City of Athens, Tenn. | 6th Cir. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $30,000 | May 2026 |
| Hartmann v. Davidson | N.D. Tex. U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas, Dallas Division | Mar 2026 | Generative AI (tool not specified by court; pro se plaintiff disclosed use) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| In re Scott Mitchell Obeginski | Tex. App. (9th Dist.) Texas Court of Appeals, Ninth District | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Suiter v. GM - General Motors, LLC | W.D. Va. U.S. District Court, Western District of Virginia | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI (court found filings displayed characteristics 'observed in filings made with generative artificial intelligence programs') | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Dillon v. Stephenson | W.D. Okla. U.S. District Court, Western District of Oklahoma | Mar 2026 | Implied (AI research assistant; specific tool not identified) | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| In re Eric Chibueze Nwaubani | 4th Cir. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit | Mar 2026 | Technology-agnostic. The court named ChatGPT, Google Gemini, Microsoft Copilot, and Claude as examples but declined to determine which tool, if any, was used. | Bar discipline | Pending | May 2026 |
| Donte McClellon v. E. Rickard, Warden of FCI Otisville | S.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York | Mar 2026 | Implied (Magistrate Judge identified hallmarks of AI-generated fabricated cases; specific tool not identified) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Nai v. National Asset Mortgage, LLC | W.D. Mich. U.S. District Court, Western District of Michigan, Southern Division | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Samantha Roussell v. The Bank of New York Mellon | Fla. 4th DCA Florida Fourth District Court of Appeal | Mar 2026 | Generative AI (court characterized nonexistent citations as 'hallucinated cases'; explicitly addressed AI use in briefing) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Traver v. General Motors Financial Company, Inc. | D. Mass. U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts | Mar 2026 | Generative AI implied; the order references fabricated case-law citations characteristic of AI hallucination output | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Allen v. Casper | N.D. Ill. U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $1,500 | May 2026 |
| Brown v. State of Mississippi | Miss. Ct. App. Court of Appeals of Mississippi | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Cartagena v. Dixon | S.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York | Mar 2026 | Protégé (LexisNexis) (claimed; LexisNexis disputes Blackburn had access) | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Hunter v. TForce Freight Inc. | D. Ariz. U.S. District Court, District of Arizona | Mar 2026 | Generative AI (specific tool not named in the order) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Platt v. Volunteers of America Ohio & Indiana | S.D. Ind. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Indiana | Mar 2026 | Not identified on the order; the court suspected AI use from the pattern of nonexistent and misrepresented citations | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| M7 Indústria e Comércio de Compensados e Laminados Ltda. v. U.S. Structural Plywood Integrity Coalition | S.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Slay v. Ross | Ga. Ct. App. Court of Appeals of Georgia | Mar 2026 | Implied (specific generative AI product not identified on the face of the opinion) | Other | None | May 2026 |
| Clark v. CoreCivic, Inc. | W.D. Okla. U.S. District Court, Western District of Oklahoma | Mar 2026 | Generative AI (specific tool not identified on the record) | Other | None (admonishment only; future violations may draw sanctions) | May 2026 |
| Van Etten v. Fattman | D. Mass. U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts | Mar 2026 | Generative AI implied; the order addresses fabricated content characteristic of AI hallucination output | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Harwell v. WestCare Nevada, Inc. | D. Nev. U.S. District Court, District of Nevada | Mar 2026 | ChatGPT (R&G classified ChatGPT; court referenced generative AI generally with ChatGPT as exemplar) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Hatch v. College Ave Student Loans | N.D. Ill. U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Kattom v. Bondi | W.D. La. U.S. District Court, Western District of Louisiana, Alexandria Division | Mar 2026 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | $1,000 | May 2026 |
| In re the Domestic Partnership of Torres Campos & Munoz (Torres Campos v. Munoz) | Cal. Ct. App. California Court of Appeal, Fourth Appellate District, Division One | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $5,000 | May 2026 |
| Woodward Harbor LLC v. City of Mandeville | E.D. La. U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana | Mar 2026 | Westlaw Precision AI and ChatGPT (per Walker's sworn declaration of February 12, 2026, ECF No. 104-1) | Court sanction | $1,000 personal sanction against attorney John R. Walker, plus mandatory 2 hours of Generative AI CLE by December 31, 2026, plus voluntary repayment to clients of fees earned drafting the offending brief. The other three signing attorneys received judicial admonition without monetary sanctions. | Apr 2026 |
| Dixon v. MultiCare Health System | W.D. Wash. U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Warning | None (warning only; the Court reserved monetary sanctions for any future repetition, stating 'If, in the future, Dixon repeats this behavior, monetary sanctions may be awarded') | May 2026 |
| Ford v. Troy City School District | N.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Northern District of New York | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Medal v. Amazon.com Services LLC | W.D. Wash. U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington | Mar 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Vernieri v. Dyno Nobel Americas | D. Utah U.S. District Court, District of Utah | Mar 2026 | Generative AI generally; specific tool not named in the order | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Put A Bird On It, LLC v. Seattle Arena Holdings, LLC | Wash. Ct. App. Washington Court of Appeals, Division One | Mar 2026 | AI-based search engines (unidentified) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Hicks v. City of Albany | Ga. Ct. App. Court of Appeals of Georgia | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Estate of Khallid Muhammad et al. v. Tupac Shakur Estate et al. | C.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Central District of California | Feb 2026 | Suspected generative AI; the court ordered plaintiffs to disclose any AI use, and plaintiffs did not disclose any in response | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Perry v. Exeter Finance LLC | D. Ariz. U.S. District Court, District of Arizona | Feb 2026 | Generative AI suspected, specific tool not named in the order | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Thomas v. The Quikrete Companies, LLC | W.D. Tex. U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas, San Antonio Division | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| United States v. Ponce | D. Nev. U.S. District Court, District of Nevada | Feb 2026 | Generative AI (court characterized citations as "hallucinogenic"; specific tool not identified) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| In re Termination of Parental Rights as to H.K. | Ariz. Ct. App. Arizona Court of Appeals | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Bar discipline | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Kettering Adventist Healthcare v. Sandra Collier | S.D. Ohio U.S. District Court, Southern District of Ohio | Feb 2026 | generative AI (admitted by counsel for preliminary case identification) | Court sanction | $7,500 | May 2026 |
| Lee v. Capital One Bank (USA), N.A. | D. Utah U.S. District Court, District of Utah | Feb 2026 | Generative AI generally; specific tool not named in the order | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Mau v. City and County of Honolulu | D. Haw. U.S. District Court, District of Hawaii (Senior Judge Curiel sitting by visiting designation from S.D. Cal.) | Feb 2026 | Implied (court cited Wadsworth v. Walmart for the proposition that 'AI Hallucinations occur when an AI database generates fake sources of information') | Pending | Pending | May 2026 |
| Villalovos-Gutierrez v. Van de Pol | E.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Evgeny Yaroshevsky v. Karlin | E.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York | Feb 2026 | Google Gemini | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Zeus Realty Group LLC v. 1032 N Sycamore Owner LA, LLC | C.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Central District of California | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Reynolds v. Progressive Technologies, Inc. | W.D. Tenn. U.S. District Court for the Western District of Tennessee | Feb 2026 | Unidentified generative AI (the court found that plaintiff cited 'fabricated legal authority' across multiple filings; specific tool not on the record) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Pena v. Wells Fargo Bank | S.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida | Feb 2026 | Unidentified (the court found the plaintiffs likely obtained a citation from 'an unreliable source, such as artificial intelligence'; no specific tool named) | Warning | Pending | May 2026 |
| EFD USA, Inc. v. Band Pro Film and Digital, Inc. | Cal. Ct. App. California Court of Appeal, Second District, Division Three | Feb 2026 | Unidentified generative AI (trial counsel's 'AI consultant' used an unidentified 'AI system' to shorten the brief) | Court sanction | $900 | May 2026 |
| Fletcher v. Experian Information Solutions, Inc. | 5th Cir. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit | Feb 2026 | Generative AI (unspecified) | Court sanction | $2,500 | Apr 2026 |
| Matter of Adapt Forward, LLC | GAO U.S. Government Accountability Office | Feb 2026 | Implied (AI/LLM-generated citations) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Jones v. Target Corporation | D. Or. U.S. District Court, District of Oregon | Feb 2026 | Generative AI (specific product not identified by court; "hallucinated" case citations) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Kennon v. Ashley | D. Kan. U.S. District Court, District of Kansas | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Mardis v. Dealer Loyalty Protection | S.D. Ohio U.S. District Court, Southern District of Ohio | Feb 2026 | Unidentified generative AI (court found the citations to be 'AI-generated, hallucinated caselaw' without naming a specific product) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Martin v. ODS Community Dental Insurance | D. Or. U.S. District Court, District of Oregon | Feb 2026 | Generative AI (specific product not identified by court; "generative artificial intelligence" referenced in the order) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| In re Addition of a New Rule to the Rules of the Court of Criminal Appeals (Rule 1.17) | Okla. Ct. Crim. App. Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals | Feb 2026 | Generative artificial intelligence (defined by the rule as any type of artificial intelligence that generates content or data in response to a prompt or query by a user) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| CHP 1010 McDowell, LLC v. Turpen (In re Escobedo) | Bankr. D. Colo. U.S. Bankruptcy Court, District of Colorado | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI (the order describes 'prompts from some artificial intelligence guidance' visible in the motion text; specific tool not named) | Warning | None (warning only; the Court cautioned that further AI-citation failures may be sanctionable under Fed. R. Bankr. P. 9011) | May 2026 |
| In re Social Media Adolescent Addiction/Personal Injury Products Liability Litigation | N.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Northern District of California | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Creditors Adjustment Bureau, Inc. v. All Season Power LLC | C.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Central District of California | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Matter of: G2 Ops, Inc. | GAO U.S. Government Accountability Office | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Other | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| In re: Telexfree Securities Litigation | D. Mass. U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Lindsey Newell v. The Law Offices of Travis R. Walker, P.A. | S.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $5,000 | May 2026 |
| Picon-Diaz v. Bondi | 10th Cir. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Other | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| City of Dickinson v. Helgeson | N.D. Sup. Ct. Supreme Court of North Dakota | Feb 2026 | Implied (court cited Mezu v. Mezu for proposition that 'fake or nonexistent legal citations typically are the result of AI hallucinations') | Court sanction | $500 | May 2026 |
| CVTEK, LLC | GAO U.S. Government Accountability Office | Feb 2026 | Westlaw CoCounsel | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Legarza v. Northern Star (Alaska), Inc. | D. Alaska U.S. District Court, District of Alaska | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Rechlicz v. Price Point Builders, LLC | Ind. Ct. App. Court of Appeals of Indiana | Feb 2026 | Not identified; court characterized errant citation as a typographical mistake but framed the broader risk as generative AI hallucination | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| TQJ, LLC v. Esquivel | C.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Central District of California | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Virgil v. Experian Information Solutions, Inc., et al. | S.D. Ind. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Indiana, Indianapolis Division | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $10,000 | May 2026 |
| Chumpitaz-Morales v. Bondi | 10th Cir. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit | Feb 2026 | Generative AI inferred (panel: 'an artificial intelligence (AI) product (e.g., ChatGPT, Microsoft CoPilot)') | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Dodds v. Bridges | 10th Cir. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit | Feb 2026 | Generative AI inferred (panel: 'such as ChatGPT'; Dodds attributed the citations to 'transcription errors' by an unnamed outside source who typed the brief) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Alberti v. District of Columbia | D.D.C. U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Matter of Omid Zareh | N.Y. App. Div. 1st Dep't New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, First Department | Feb 2026 | ChatGPT | Bar discipline | Pending | May 2026 |
| Labonte v. BOKF, N.A. | D. Colo. U.S. District Court, District of Colorado | Feb 2026 | AI (implied; unspecified) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Amarsingh v. Frontier Airlines, Inc. | 10th Cir. U.S. Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit | Feb 2026 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | $1,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Avenue Capital Group, LLC v. Strum | N.Y. Sup. Ct. Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Bruce v. United States | D.S.C. U.S. District Court, District of South Carolina | Feb 2026 | Generative AI implied; the order references generative AI programs that "hallucinate" cases | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Peter L. Clinco, Deceased, C. M. Barone-Clinco, Successor in Interest, and C. M. Barone-Clinco v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue | U.S. Tax Court United States Tax Court | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI (suspected large language model; not confirmed on the record) | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Cummins v. Becerra | E.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Valve Corporation v. Rothschild | W.D. Wash. U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington, at Seattle | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Raul Gonzales Davila v. Roblen, LLC f/d/b/a Vicolo Pizza Restaurant | D. Conn. U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI research tool | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Arkansas Department of Human Services v. April Ward and Minor Child | Ark. Supreme Court of Arkansas | Feb 2026 | Microsoft Office Copilot | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Flycatcher Corp. Ltd. v. Affable Avenue LLC | S.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York | Feb 2026 | NotebookLM, vLex, Paxton AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Button v. McCawley | S.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida | Feb 2026 | Unidentified (the court found 'frequent use of artificial intelligence' to generate hallucinations; the Buttons denied AI use and named no tool) | Pending | Pending | May 2026 |
| Holmes v. University of Texas at Austin | W.D. Tex. U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas, Austin Division | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| In re the Matter of Abiud Rosas Carreon v. Maria G. Rosas Rivera | Ariz. Ct. App. Court of Appeals of Arizona, Division 1 | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| LeDoux v. Outliers, Inc. | W.D. Wash. U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington | Feb 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Pending | Pending | May 2026 |
| Sophia Madigan v. Graco Inc. | D. Minn. U.S. District Court, District of Minnesota | Feb 2026 | Unspecified AI-based legal-research service | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Odunze v. Lake Effect | D. Utah U.S. District Court, District of Utah | Feb 2026 | Generative AI generally; specific tool not named in the order | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Offen Petroleum, LLC v. L&J Express, LLC | D. Ariz. U.S. District Court, District of Arizona | Feb 2026 | Implied (generative AI use inferred from fabricated citations) | Court sanction | Warning (no monetary sanction) | Apr 2026 |
| 1S REO Opportunity 1, LLC v. 223 Howard LLC | E.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York | Feb 2026 | Unidentified (the order flags a fabricated citation but does not attribute it to AI or name a tool) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Kabir v. WebMD LLC | D.N.J. U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey | Feb 2026 | Generative AI inferred from hallucinated case citations and from plaintiff's own Notice Regarding Use of Cognitive Artificial Intelligence (ECF No. 58); specific tool not identified | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Kizzie Sims & Estate of Gregory Neil Davis v. Board of County Commissioners | W.D. Okla. U.S. District Court, Western District of Oklahoma | Feb 2026 | Unidentified AI drafting tool | Other | None | May 2026 |
| Lexos Media IP, LLC v. Overstock.com, Inc. | D. Kan. U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas | Feb 2026 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | $12,000 total across four attorneys ($5,000 + $3,000 + $3,000 + $1,000); fifth attorney released from monetary sanctions | Apr 2026 |
| Mills v. City of St. Louis | E.D. Mo. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Missouri, Eastern Division | Jan 2026 | Generative AI (the court found plaintiff's filings 'bear the hallmarks of artificial intelligence hallucinations'; plaintiff acknowledged using 'electronic drafting tools that paraphrase legal principles' but did not identify a specific tool) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Schaaf v. Nellis Auction Holdings, LLC | D. Nev. U.S. District Court, District of Nevada | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| SEC v. Nantomah | E.D. Wis. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Wisconsin | Jan 2026 | Generative AI implied; the order references generative AI programs like ChatGPT generally | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Wilcox v. Gingrinch | Ind. Ct. App. Court of Appeals of Indiana | Jan 2026 | Generative AI (presumed; not acknowledged) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Greene v. GSK PLC | W.D. Wash. U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Warning | None (warning only; the Court reserved Rule 11 sanctions for any future filing providing 'authority to the Court that does not actually exist') | May 2026 |
| Mims v. Brown | W.D. Wis. U.S. District Court, Western District of Wisconsin | Jan 2026 | ChatGPT (identified in PDF metadata of the plaintiff's filings) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Matter of Bramstedt Surgical Inc. | GAO U.S. Government Accountability Office | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Mbow v. Mackert | D. Md. U.S. District Court, District of Maryland | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Cassata v. Michael Macrina Architect, P.C. | Sup. Ct., Suffolk County, N.Y. Supreme Court of New York, Suffolk County | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $10,000 | May 2026 |
| Lifetime Well LLC v. IBSpot.com Inc. | E.D. Pa. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania | Jan 2026 | Lexis+ AI and LexisNexis Protégé | Court sanction | $4,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Future Field Solutions, LLC v. Van Norstrand | D. Md. U.S. District Court, District of Maryland | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Tolbert v. The State | Ga. Ct. App. Court of Appeals of Georgia | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Kaufman v. Upton | D. Mass. U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Bar discipline | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| William Parker v. Patrick "Pat" Labat, et al. | N.D. Ga. U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta Division | Jan 2026 | Unidentified (AI use suspected; attorney did not respond to show cause) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| That Xiong v. Minga Wofford | E.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Button v. Jimison (Jan. 20, 2026 order) | W.D. Wash. U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington | Jan 2026 | Generative AI inferred from the citation pattern; specific tool not identified on the record | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Medical Buyers Group v. Pence | M.D. Ga. U.S. District Court, Middle District of Georgia, Athens Division | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $10,000 | May 2026 |
| Yue v. Reaction Labs, LLC | W.D. Tex. U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas, Austin Division | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Alzado-Lotz v. Bock | D. Colo. U.S. District Court, District of Colorado | Jan 2026 | Implied (undisclosed; fabricated citation hallmarks) | Other | None | May 2026 |
| Hodges v. Meridian Waste Acquisitions, LLC (consolidated with Rieske v. Accounting Fulfillment Services, LLC) | M.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida, Jacksonville Division | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $7,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Lepp v. Mallett | E.D. Mich. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan | Jan 2026 | OpenAI ChatGPT-4o (Plaintiff disclosed using ChatGPT-4o to produce an 'AI Legal Analysis Report' attached as an exhibit) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Tafah v. Lake Village Townhomes | D. Md. U.S. District Court, District of Maryland | Jan 2026 | Generative AI implied; the order references a fabricated case-law citation characteristic of AI hallucination output | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Tiffany K. v. Commissioner of Social Security | E.D. Mich. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan | Jan 2026 | Generative AI (specific tool not identified; phantom Fleck v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec. citation likely AI-generated) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| North Atlantic Operating Company, Inc., et al. v. Indiana Import, LLC, et al. | S.D. Ind. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Indiana | Jan 2026 | Not named in the order; the order does not mention artificial intelligence, and AI use is an inference drawn by the Charlotin tracker, not a court finding | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Boyd v. Lee | Md. Ct. Spec. App. Appellate Court of Maryland | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Lopez Hernandez v. Lundy | E.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Kjoller v. Superior Court of Nevada County (People real party in interest) | Cal. California Supreme Court (directing Third District Court of Appeal) | Jan 2026 | not named on the record | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Saber v. Navy Federal Credit Union | Pa. Super. Ct. Pennsylvania Superior Court | Jan 2026 | Generative AI (unspecified) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Young v. City of Memphis | W.D. Tenn. U.S. District Court for the Western District of Tennessee | Jan 2026 | Microsoft Teams 'Read AI' transcription / recap feature | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Collins v. Nova Association Management Partners LLC | W.D. Wash. U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Heiting v. I Am Beyond LLC | Cal. Super. Ct. (L.A. County) Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Mavy v. Commissioner of Social Security Administration | D. Ariz. U.S. District Court, District of Arizona | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Doe v. United States (D.N.J. 2026) | D.N.J. U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Warning | None (Rule 11 caution in footnote 3 of dismissal order; complaint dismissed without prejudice under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2) on separate Rule 8 / failure-to-state-a-claim grounds with leave to amend) | May 2026 |
| Gharavi v. Google LLC | N.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Northern District of California | Jan 2026 | Bloomberg Law | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Hardy v. Whitaker | E.D. Mich. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan | Jan 2026 | Generative AI (specific tool not identified; Magistrate Judge Stafford inferred AI use from four fake citations in Plaintiff's summary-judgment briefing) | Pending | Pending | May 2026 |
| Wurtenberg v. The City of New York | N.Y. Sup. Ct. Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Garibay-Robledo v. Noem | N.D. Tex. U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas, Abilene Division | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Hayes v. Chipotle Mexican Grill, LLC | M.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida | Jan 2026 | Unidentified (the court found it 'likely' Hayes used 'automated, artificial intelligence tools'; no specific tool named) | Warning | Pending | May 2026 |
| Deutsche Bank National Trust Co. v. LeTennier | N.Y. App. Div. 3d Dep't New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Third Department | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $10,000 | May 2026 |
| Hollinger v. Enlisted Association of the National Guard of the United States | E.D. Va. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia, Alexandria Division | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI (Hollinger admitted using 'artificial intelligence' to generate legal authority; specific tool not on the record) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| McPhaul v. College Hills OPCO, LLC | D. Kan. U.S. District Court, District of Kansas | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Ayatollah Hylton v. Chivone Janee Hylton | S.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida | Jan 2026 | Unidentified (the court found a non-existent case citation in a pro se filing; it did not attribute the fabrication to AI, and named no tool) | Warning | Pending | May 2026 |
| Allen v. Experian Information Solutions, Inc. | D. Idaho U.S. District Court, District of Idaho | Jan 2026 | Implied (court referenced 'mistaken reliance upon artificial intelligence for legal research') | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Washburn v. Houston | Ariz. Ct. App. Arizona Court of Appeals, Division One | Jan 2026 | Unspecified generative AI | Bar discipline | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Burnett v. The City of New York | N.Y. Sup. Ct., N.Y. Cnty. Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Hildebrandt v. siParadigm LLC | D.N.J. U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Sevilla v. Ross | D.S.C. U.S. District Court, District of South Carolina | Dec 2025 | Generative AI implied; the order's footnote describes "hallmarks of motions created using artificial intelligence or found on the internet" | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Jones v. Experian Information Solutions, Inc. (E.D. Mich.) | E.D. Mich. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan | Dec 2025 | Generative AI (specific tool not identified on the record; court inferred AI use from misuse of a Sixth Circuit case in arbitration briefing) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Labatt USA Operating Co., LLC v. Friends Beverage Group, LLC | N.Y. Sup. Ct., N.Y. Cnty. Supreme Court of New York, New York County | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| M.T. Real Estate Investment Inc. v. Servis One, Inc., et al. | D. Nev. U.S. District Court, District of Nevada | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Pauliah v. University of Mississippi Medical Center | S.D. Miss. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Mississippi, Northern Division | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $5,000 | May 2026 |
| Ringer v. Bank of America, N.A. | N.D. Ga. U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta Division | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $1,500 | Apr 2026 |
| Silverberg v. Bonomo | D. Nev. U.S. District Court, District of Nevada | Dec 2025 | Generative AI (court referenced potential AI misuse; specific tool not identified) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Cherleatha B. v. Bisignano | D.S.C. U.S. District Court, District of South Carolina | Dec 2025 | Generative AI implied; the order describes generative AI programs that "hallucinate" nonexistent cases | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| In re S.A., D.H., and B.M., Minors | Ill. App. 2d Dist. Appellate Court of Illinois, Second District | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Ng v. AmGuard Insurance Company | S.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York | Dec 2025 | Implied (court suspected AI hallucination; specific tool not identified) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Allen v. Amazon | N.D. Tex. U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas | Dec 2025 | Unidentified generative AI (Allen did not dispute using AI; no specific tool named) | Warning | Pending | May 2026 |
| Leber v. Bryan Medical Center | D. Neb. U.S. District Court, District of Nebraska | Dec 2025 | Implied (court characterized cited case as 'a hallucination of artificial intelligence') | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Donovan v. Clark County Assessor | Ind. Tax Ct. Indiana Tax Court | Dec 2025 | Generative artificial intelligence (specific tool not identified); use confirmed at oral argument | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Billups v. Louisville Municipal School District | N.D. Miss. U.S. District Court, Northern District of Mississippi, Aberdeen Division | Dec 2025 | Grok | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Disability Rights Mississippi v. Palmer Home for Children | N.D. Miss. U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi, Aberdeen Division | Dec 2025 | AI use suspected but contested; counsel denied AI use and attributed errors to an 'internal reference document' (Microsoft OneNote screenshots) and copy-paste errors | Court sanction | $20,883.10 in attorney's fees and costs, plus mandatory 3-hour Mississippi CLE on hallucinatory AI citations | May 2026 |
| Fantini v. Westrock Co. | D.N.J. U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Warning | None (Rule 11 reminder in footnote 5 of summary-judgment opinion; sanctions reserved for any future failure to conduct 'reasonable inquiry') | May 2026 |
| Patrick Joseph Groulx v. CSL Limited | Mich. Ct. App. Michigan Court of Appeals | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Simpson v. Portfolio Recovery Associates, LLC | W.D. Va. U.S. District Court, Western District of Virginia | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI (court referenced 'generative artificial intelligence' generally; no specific tool identified on the record) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Gerou v. George | E.D. Wis. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Wisconsin | Dec 2025 | Generative AI implied; the order discusses AI-generated fabricated citations generally | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Lafayette v. Abrami | Vt. Super. Vermont Superior Court, Lamoille Unit, Civil Division | Dec 2025 | Unidentified generative AI 'software' (the order describes plaintiff's reliance on 'artificial intelligence software' for legal research; specific tool not named) | Court sanction | $7,360.96 in attorney's fees and costs ($7,346.56 fees + $14.40 costs) under Vermont's anti-SLAPP statute, plus a pre-filing injunction limiting plaintiff to attorney-represented filings or pre-clearance by the assigned superior court judge | May 2026 |
| Wireless Investors LLC v. Semtech Incorporated, et al. | D. Ariz. U.S. District Court, District of Arizona | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Zhang v. National Public Radio, Inc. | D.D.C. U.S. District Court, District of Columbia | Dec 2025 | Generative AI implied; the orders identify nonexistent and misrepresented citations characteristic of AI hallucination output | Court sanction | $1,000 (final amount; reduced from initial sanction figure following sealed in-camera hearing) | May 2026 |
| Burlingame v. Argo Private Client Group, Ltd. | S.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Friend v. Serpa | Fla. 4th DCA Florida Fourth District Court of Appeal | Dec 2025 | Generative AI (court addressed use of 'artificial intelligence' explicitly; specific tool not named) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Halpern v. Federal Reserve Bank of New York | N.D. Ill. U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Western Division | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI (court flagged "hallucinated by Artificial Intelligence" as the likely source) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| L.A. Housing Outreach, LLC v. Medoff | Cal. Ct. App. California Court of Appeal, Second District, Division 4 | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $5,070 | May 2026 |
| Russel Williams Home Services LLC v. Minleon International (USA) Limited LLC | M.D. Pa. U.S. District Court, Middle District of Pennsylvania | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Angelica E. Cruz et al. v. United States of America | C.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Central District of California | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Dorsey v. Jones | Del. Ch. Chancery Court of Delaware | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Holmes Family Trust v. Multnomah County Assessor | Or. Tax Ct. Oregon Tax Court, Magistrate Division | Dec 2025 | Generative artificial intelligence (specific product not identified by court) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| In re Zimmer M/L Taper Hip Prosthesis (McMillian v. Zimmer US, Inc.) | S.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $9,000 | Apr 2026 |
| PRM Group, Inc. v. Paralegal Bootcamp LLC | D. Md. U.S. District Court, District of Maryland | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Taylor v. Prince George's County, Maryland | D. Md. U.S. District Court, District of Maryland | Dec 2025 | Unspecified (the magistrate judge noted the citation errors are the type generative AI produces but said it was unclear whether AI or another circumstance caused them) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Valencia / Case Lombardi (1st Cir. Haw.) sanctions matter | Haw. Cir. Ct. First Circuit Court of Hawaii (Honolulu) | Dec 2025 | AI (unspecified generative tool) | Pending | Pending | May 2026 |
| Braica v. Frankowski | D. Conn. U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Admonition + strike of Plaintiff's Response (ECF No. 30) and Sur-Reply (ECF No. 32) from the record without leave to amend; future sanctions (including dismissal of the case with prejudice) reserved for any further AI-generated hallucinations in any subsequent filing | May 2026 |
| Gardner v. Combs | D.N.J. U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $6,000 | May 2026 |
| Harvey v. Torrent Leasing & U.S. Bank | D. Nev. U.S. District Court, District of Nevada | Dec 2025 | ChatGPT (court named ChatGPT specifically as exemplar of generative AI that "may hallucinate") | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Jeter v. ADUSA Transportation LLC | D.S.C. U.S. District Court, District of South Carolina | Dec 2025 | Generative AI implied; the magistrate's R&R discusses AI use generally | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Maturin v. T-Mobile USA, Inc. | D.N.M. U.S. District Court, District of New Mexico | Dec 2025 | Generative AI implied; the magistrate's recommendation discusses AI use generally; the district judge's adoption order requires future AI-disclosure certifications | Court sanction | $8,640 (recommended; final amount to be set on supplemental affidavit) | May 2026 |
| Williams v. Canavan | M.D. Pa. U.S. District Court, Middle District of Pennsylvania | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI; the order references 'cut-and-paste AI outputs' generally | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Couvrette v. Wisnovsky | D. Or. U.S. District Court for the District of Oregon, Medford Division | Dec 2025 | Generative AI (unspecified; not identified by the court) | Court sanction | $110,204.38 total. Lead counsel Brigandi: $15,500 Clerk sanction + $80,498.72 (85% of defendants' $94,704.38 amended fee award) = $95,998.72. Local counsel Murphy: $14,205.66 (15% of fee award) for willful violation of LR 83-3. | May 2026 |
| N.Z. v. Fenix International Limited | C.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Central District of California | Dec 2025 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | $13,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Russell v. Mells | Fla. 2d DCA District Court of Appeal of Florida, Second District | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Bar discipline | Pending | May 2026 |
| Sharky's Sports Bar v. Village of Mt. Morris, Illinois | N.D. Ill. U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Western Division | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| South Side Area School Dist. v. Pa. HRC | Pa. Commw. Ct. Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court | Dec 2025 | AI (unspecified generative tool) | Pending | Pending | May 2026 |
| Dusablon v. Gibbs | S.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Dodge v. FirstService Residential Arizona LLC | D. Ariz. U.S. District Court, District of Arizona | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Bar discipline | Pending | May 2026 |
| Associated Builders and Contractors, Inc., Eastern Pennsylvania Chapter v. Bucks County Community College | Pa. Commw. Ct. Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Browne v. Ciobanu | 7th Cir. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit | Dec 2025 | Generative AI inferred from R&G AI Court Order Tracker classification; the published opinion itself does not mention AI, ChatGPT, generative tools, or hallucinations. The AI-conduct claim rests on the appellant's underlying briefs rather than on findings in the panel order. | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| In re Nupeutics Natural, Inc.; Gladstone v. Peatross | Bankr. S.D. Cal. United States Bankruptcy Court, Southern District of California | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $950 | Apr 2026 |
| Mullins v. Duquesne University of the Holy Spirit | W.D. Pa. U.S. District Court, Western District of Pennsylvania | Dec 2025 | Not named in the order striking the brief; plaintiff's subsequent re-filed reply identified ChatGPT and Claude | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Jordan v. Chicago Housing Authority | Cook County, Ill. Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois, County Department, Law Division | Dec 2025 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | $59,500 | Apr 2026 |
| Black Oak Capital BOCA, LLC v. Paul Evans, LLC | D. Utah U.S. District Court, District of Utah | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Dorsey v. Ponce | N.D. Ill. U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois | Dec 2025 | Unidentified (the court suspected an artificial intelligence tool but named none; Dorsey disclosed no tool) | Warning | Pending | May 2026 |
| Jason M. Hatfield, P.A. v. Pirani | W.D. Ark. U.S. District Court, Western District of Arkansas | Dec 2025 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | $1,578,172 attorney fees + $93,388 costs | May 2026 |
| Hill v. Oklahoma County Criminal Justice Authority | W.D. Okla. U.S. District Court, Western District of Oklahoma | Dec 2025 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | Defendants' reasonable attorneys' fees and costs for hearing attendance (amount to be determined) | Apr 2026 |
| Hill v. Oklahoma County Criminal Justice Authority | W.D. Okla. U.S. District Court, Western District of Oklahoma | Dec 2025 | ChatGPT (counsel admitted use at show-cause hearing) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Moore v. City of Del City | 10th Cir. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit | Dec 2025 | Generative AI (no specific tool named in the order) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Ringo v. Colquhoun Design Studio, LLC | Or. Ct. App. Oregon Court of Appeals | Dec 2025 | Generative AI (unspecified; court did not name a specific tool) | Court sanction | $2,000 | Apr 2026 |
| United States v. Boehm | M.D. Pa. U.S. District Court, Middle District of Pennsylvania | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI; the court ordered prospective disclosure of the specific tool used | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| De Ford v. Koutoulas | M.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida (Orlando Division) | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Jarrus v. Governor of Michigan | E.D. Mich. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan | Dec 2025 | ChatGPT (Plaintiff Michael Jarrus admitted using ChatGPT Plus, $20/month subscription) | Court sanction | $600 ($300 per Plaintiff) | May 2026 |
| Magee v. New Balance Athletics, Inc. | E.D. Ark. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Arkansas | Dec 2025 | Generative AI; the tool is not named, but Magee acknowledged on the record that he prepared the response using generative AI | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Bey v. Glass | M.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida | Dec 2025 | Unidentified (the court believed a fabricated citation was 'possibly caused by the use of Artificial Intelligence'; no tool named) | Warning | Pending | May 2026 |
| Shayan v. Shakib | Cal. Ct. App. California Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, Division One | Dec 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $7,500 | May 2026 |
| The Doc App, Inc. d/b/a My Florida Green v. Leafwell, Inc. | M.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida, Fort Myers Division | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Jesse Andre v. Warden, FCI Danbury | D. Conn. U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut | Nov 2025 | Generative artificial intelligence (Petitioner admitted to 'heavy' reliance on AI; tool not specifically identified by name on the record; drafting service was 'Nuline Legal' / Alan Adamz, help@nulinelegal.com) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Mills v. Rocket Mortgage LLC | W.D. La. U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana | Nov 2025 | Unidentified generative AI (the magistrate found that plaintiffs 'likely used generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) to assist in research and failed to check whether the GenAI-generated content was accurate'; specific tool not on the record) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Pletcher v. Village of Libertyville Police Pension Board | Ill. App. 2d Dist. Appellate Court of Illinois, Second District | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI (admitted by appellant at oral argument) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Dubinin v. Papazian | S.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $4,030.90 | Apr 2026 |
| Clayman v. Bessant | S.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida | Nov 2025 | Generative AI (court found plaintiff's citation 'United States v. Bovio, 708 F. Supp. 2d 579 (E.D.N.Y. 2010)' was 'an AI-generated hallucination and not an actual case'; specific tool not named) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Gutierrez v. Lorenzo Food Group, Inc. | D.N.J. U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI (use implied; under inquiry) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Kilinc v. PMMUE Eduservices Private Limited | S.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Raymond Alan Shields v. First Financial Corporation | Tenn. Cir. Ct. (Davidson Cnty.) Sixth Circuit Court for Davidson County, Tennessee | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Buchanan v. Vuori, Inc. | N.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Northern District of California | Nov 2025 | ChatGPT, Claude, Clear Brief, Lexis, Westlaw (six AI tools per attorney's response) | Court sanction | $250 | Apr 2026 |
| In re Jackson Hospital & Clinic, Inc. | Bankr. M.D. Ala. U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Middle District of Alabama | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Nuvola, LLC v. Wright | Minn. Dist. Ct. (Hennepin Cnty.) Minnesota District Court, County of Hennepin, Fourth Judicial District | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $1,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Ekeocha v. U.S. Department of State | D.D.C. U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Paredes Guevara v. A&P Restaurant Corp. | S.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Moorehead v. Goodwill Industries of Northeast Texas | E.D. Tex. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas | Nov 2025 | Unidentified (the court suspected the citations were 'hallucinations by generative artificial intelligence'; no specific tool named) | Warning | Pending | May 2026 |
| Nellum v. Credit Acceptance Corporation | S.D. Ind. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Indiana | Nov 2025 | Generative artificial intelligence inferred from sur-reply citation pattern; specific tool not identified | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Cojom v. Roblen, LLC | D. Conn. U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut | Nov 2025 | Descrybe.AI | Court sanction | $500 | Apr 2026 |
| Gittemeier v. Liberty Mutual Personal Insurance Company | E.D. Mo. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Missouri | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $1,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Mattson v. Rosebud Electric Cooperative | D.S.D. U.S. District Court, District of South Dakota, Central Division | Nov 2025 | Implied (court found 'the formatting of the brief, which seemed to suggest the use of generative AI') | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Neal v. Frayer | D. Md. U.S. District Court, District of Maryland | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Schlichter v. Kennedy | Cal. Ct. App. California Court of Appeal, Fourth Appellate District, Division Two | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $1,750 | May 2026 |
| Lewis v. Eagle County Government | D. Colo. U.S. District Court, District of Colorado | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $28,000 | May 2026 |
| Montoya Cabanas v. Bondi | S.D. Tex. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas, Houston Division | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Matter of Matos | N.Y. App. Div. 1st Dep't New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, First Department | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Bar discipline | Pending | May 2026 |
| Richard LaRoche v. Darla Sterett (LaRoche) | Vt. Vermont Supreme Court | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI (described in the order as an "AI helper") | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Jacob Doe v. The University of North Carolina System, et al. | W.D.N.C. U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina, Asheville Division | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Shelton v. Parkland Health | N.D. Tex. U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Swincher v. Fay Servicing, LLC | W.D. Ky. U.S. District Court, Western District of Kentucky | Nov 2025 | Generative AI implied; the order references a fabricated case-law citation characteristic of AI hallucination output | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| United States v. Czartorski | W.D. Ky. U.S. District Court, Western District of Kentucky, Louisville Division | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| David v. George Chiala Farms, Inc. | N.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Northern District of California | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| In the Interest of M. O. W. | Tex. App.—Austin Court of Appeals of Texas, Austin | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Parker v. Costco Wholesale Corp. | W.D. Wash. U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington | Nov 2025 | Callidus AI | Court sanction | $6,200 (approx.) | Apr 2026 |
| Rivera-Carrasquillo v. United States | D.P.R. U.S. District Court, District of Puerto Rico | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI (implied) | Other | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Thomas v. Delaware Technical & Cmty. Coll. | D. Del. U.S. District Court, District of Delaware | Nov 2025 | Implied (specific tool not identified on the available record) | Warning | None at this stage (Rule 11 motion for costs and fees denied without prejudice to renew once the merits of the case are resolved) | May 2026 |
| Jamison Warfield v. W.N. Morehouse Truck Line, Inc. | E.D. Tenn. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Tennessee, Northeastern Division | Nov 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Hernandez v. Kunes | M.D. Pa. U.S. District Court, Middle District of Pennsylvania | Nov 2025 | Examples named in the order: OpenAI ChatGPT and Google Gemini | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| In re: Deborah Ann Mitchell | Bankr. D. Conn. U.S. Bankruptcy Court, District of Connecticut, New Haven Division | Nov 2025 | Generative artificial intelligence (Debtor admitted at the October 22, 2025 hearing that she used an A.I. program 'for formatting' her filings; ECF No. 36 specifically attests it was prepared with A.I. assistance; tool not specifically identified by name on the record) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Logan v. LVNV Funding, LLC | D. Utah U.S. District Court, District of Utah | Nov 2025 | Generative AI generally; specific tool not named in the order | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Lowrey v. City of Rio Rancho | D.N.M. U.S. District Court, District of New Mexico | Nov 2025 | Generative AI implied; the order references AI tools producing hallucinated citations | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Smart v. The Professional Group | E.D. Mich. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan | Nov 2025 | Generative AI (specific tool not identified; use inferred from filing patterns matching prior AI-generated ADA notices observed in other cases) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Borsody v. Frontier Heritage Communities | D. Kan. U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas | Nov 2025 | Unidentified generative AI (the court inferred AI use from a nonexistent case citation; Ms. Borsody did not identify a specific tool) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Glass v. Foley & Lardner LLP | W.D. Wis. U.S. District Court, Western District of Wisconsin | Nov 2025 | Generative AI implied; the order describes AI tools that "hallucinate" false case citations | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Kheir v. Titan Team LLC, The Money Source Inc., and Auction.com | Bankr. S.D. Tex. U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Southern District of Texas, Houston Division | Nov 2025 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Kluwe v. Huntington Beach Union High School District | C.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Central District of California | Nov 2025 | Unidentified generative AI | Court sanction | $2,000 (counsel sanction; Rule 11 and inherent power) | May 2026 |
| Isaacs v. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation | D.N.J. U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey | Nov 2025 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Mezu v. Mezu | Md. App. Ct. Appellate Court of Maryland | Nov 2025 | ChatGPT, VLex, CourtListener, CaseMine, Justia | Bar discipline | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Wheat v. Vichie | Sup. Ct. N.Y. Cty. New York Supreme Court, New York County | Nov 2025 | Unidentified (the court noted the fabrications could be 'the result of reliance on AI or otherwise'; no specific tool named) | Warning | Pending | May 2026 |
| Iowa Supreme Court Attorney Disciplinary Board v. Pazdernik | Iowa Iowa Supreme Court | Oct 2025 | ChatGPT | Bar discipline | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| County of Los Angeles v. Niblett | Cal. Ct. App. California Court of Appeal, Second District, Division One | Oct 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Safe Choice, LLC v. City of Cleveland | N.D. Ohio U.S. District Court, Northern District of Ohio | Oct 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $7,500 | May 2026 |
| Sauls v. Pierce County | W.D. Wash. U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington | Oct 2025 | Generative AI inferred from the citation pattern; specific tool not identified on the record | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Warner v. Gilbarco, Inc. | E.D. Mich. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan | Oct 2025 | Generative AI (specific tool not identified; use inferred by the court from misrepresented citations and patterns observed in other recent filings) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Goldman v. Arizona Board of Regents | D. Ariz. U.S. District Court, District of Arizona | Oct 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Wilson v. KIPP Texas, Inc. | N.D. Tex. U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas, Dallas Division | Oct 2025 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Boston v. Williams (In re Loletha Hale, Esq.) | N.D. Ga. U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta Division | Oct 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Green Building Initiative, Inc. v. Green Globe International, Inc. | D. Or. U.S. District Court for the District of Oregon | Oct 2025 | Microsoft Copilot | Other | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Crowder v. Yussman | Ky. Ct. App. Kentucky Court of Appeals | Oct 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Appeals of Huffman Construction, LLC | ASBCA Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals | Oct 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| In re: Sanctions Order of Kenney | La. App. 5 Cir. Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Fifth Circuit | Oct 2025 | ChatGPT, Microsoft Copilot, and Google | Court sanction | $1,368 | Apr 2026 |
| Alexandria Jones v. District of Columbia Office of Unified Communications | D.D.C. U.S. District Court, District of Columbia | Oct 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Mattox v. Product Innovations Research, LLC | E.D. Okla. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Oklahoma | Oct 2025 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | $6,000 in individual fines ($3,000 / $2,000 / $1,000) plus $23,495.90 in joint and several attorney's fees | May 2026 |
| N-Bar Trade, Inc. v. Amazon.com Services LLC | D.D.C. U.S. District Court, District of Columbia | Oct 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| University Mall, LLC v. Okorie | S.D. Miss. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Mississippi | Oct 2025 | Implied (specific tool not identified; court found Okorie uses AI to generate his pleadings) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Arch Insurance Company v. A3 Development, LLC | S.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida | Oct 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Chastain v. City of Kansas City | Mo. Ct. App. W.D. Missouri Court of Appeals, Western District | Oct 2025 | Google 'AI Overview' search summaries (cited by appellant in lieu of legal authority) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Creech v. City of Raleigh | N.C. Ct. App. North Carolina Court of Appeals | Oct 2025 | Vincent AI | Pending | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Button v. Jimison (Oct. 17, 2025 order) | W.D. Wash. U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington | Oct 2025 | Generative AI inferred from the citation pattern; specific tool not identified on the record | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Mundy v. Clickstop, Inc. | Neb. Dist. Ct. (Douglas Cnty.) District Court of Nebraska, Douglas County | Oct 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $2,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Tippecanoe County Assessor v. Goergen | Ind. Tax Ct. Indiana Tax Court | Oct 2025 | Generative artificial intelligence inferred from a fictitious case citation; specific tool not identified | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Serafin Tristan v. United States Department of State | E.D. Mo. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Missouri, Eastern Division | Oct 2025 | Generative AI (implied; the court noted citations to nonexistent cases and a citation that resolved to a different and unrelated case, with the Damien Charlotin tracker categorizing the conduct as 'Implied' AI use; specific tool not identified on the record) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Smith v. Trump | D.D.C. U.S. District Court, District of Columbia | Oct 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Puig Valdes v. All3Media America, LLC | L.A. Super. Ct. Los Angeles County Superior Court | Oct 2025 | ChatGPT | Bar discipline | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Reed v. Community Health Care | W.D. Wash. U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington | Oct 2025 | Generative AI inferred from the citation pattern; specific tool not identified on the record | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Stephanie Tovar v. United Pacific; Everest Premier Insurance Co. | California (WCAB) California Workers' Compensation Appeals Board | Oct 2025 | Unspecified generative AI (suspected; not confirmed in the order) | Court sanction | Up to $2,500 (Notice of Intention; final sanctions pending response) | Apr 2026 |
| Oneto v. Watson | N.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Northern District of California | Oct 2025 | Google AI Overview | Court sanction | $1,000 | May 2026 |
| United States v. Glennie Antonio McGee | S.D. Ala. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Alabama | Oct 2025 | Ghostwriter Legal | Court sanction | $5,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Jakes v. Youngblood | W.D. Pa. U.S. District Court, Western District of Pennsylvania | Oct 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $5,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Support Community, Inc. v. MPH International LLC | N.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Northern District of California | Oct 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Smith v. Athena Construction Group, Inc. | D.D.C. U.S. District Court, District of Columbia | Oct 2025 | Lexis+ AI (with Grammarly and ProWritingAid also used by counsel) | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Tovar v. American Automatic Fire Suppression, Inc. | Cal. Super. Ct. (San Diego Cnty.) Superior Court of California, County of San Diego | Oct 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Lafontant v. Coolidge-CLK St. Germane, LLC | E.D. La. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana | Oct 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $1,000 | Apr 2026 |
| People v. Alvarez | Cal. Ct. App. California Court of Appeal, Fourth Appellate District, Division One | Oct 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $1,500 | Apr 2026 |
| Ader v. Ader | N.Y. Sup. Ct. (N.Y. Cnty.) Supreme Court of New York, New York County | Oct 2025 | not named in order | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| In the Interest of R.A. | Iowa Ct. App. Iowa Court of Appeals | Oct 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $150 | May 2026 |
| Kertesz v. Colony Tire Corp. et al. | D.N.J. U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey | Sep 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Khoury et al. v. Intermountain Health Care, Inc. | D. Utah U.S. District Court, District of Utah | Sep 2025 | ChatGPT | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Tomlin v. State of New Mexico | D.N.M. U.S. District Court, District of New Mexico | Sep 2025 | ChatGPT or similar generative AI; the order names ChatGPT explicitly as a possible source | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Lofton v. Grove Farms | Cir. Ct. DeSoto Cty., Miss. Circuit Court of DeSoto County, Mississippi | Sep 2025 | Fastcase (vLex Fastcase, the legal research platform provided as a member benefit by The Mississippi Bar) | Court sanction | $7,472 | Apr 2026 |
| Eric Andrew Perez v. Dr. Neil C. Evans | S.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York | Sep 2025 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Shaporov v. PIPPD P.O. Matthew Levine | D.N.J. U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey | Sep 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Kenisha Black v. Mississippi Dept. of Rehabilitation Services & Howard | S.D. Miss. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Mississippi | Sep 2025 | Unidentified generative AI tool | Court sanction | None | Apr 2026 |
| Lipe v. Albuquerque Public Schools | D.N.M. U.S. District Court, District of New Mexico | Sep 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $3,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Stern v. Molina (In re Molina) | E.D.N.Y. Bankr. U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of New York | Sep 2025 | Implied (court could not locate cited cases; AI hallucination suspected) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Vision Management Group, LLC v. Constant Aviation, LLC | N.D. Ohio U.S. District Court, Northern District of Ohio | Sep 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Ali v. IT People Corporation, Inc. | E.D. Mich. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan | Sep 2025 | Generative AI (specific tool not identified on the record; Plaintiff admitted excessive reliance on AI-generated documents) | Court sanction | $600 | May 2026 |
| Bryant v. Pottsgrove School District | E.D. Pa. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania | Sep 2025 | OpenAI ChatGPT (named in the opinion) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Cingel v. Ferreri | Ind. Ct. App. Court of Appeals of Indiana | Sep 2025 | Generative artificial intelligence inferred from citation pattern; specific tool not identified | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Gibralter, LLC v. DMS Flowers, LLC | E.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California | Sep 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| United States v. Malik | D. Md. U.S. District Court, District of Maryland | Sep 2025 | Generative AI implied; the order references a fabricated legal-norm citation characteristic of AI hallucination output | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| OTG New York, Inc. v. Ottogi America, Inc. | D.N.J. U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey | Sep 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $3,000 | May 2026 |
| Pelishek v. City of Sheboygan | E.D. Wis. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Wisconsin | Sep 2025 | Westlaw Quick Check | Court sanction | $4,500 | Apr 2026 |
| Jeramiah Brown v. Fat Dough Incorporated, d/b/a Domino's Pizza | N.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Northern District of New York | Sep 2025 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Latasha Hill v. Auto Club Family Insurance Company | S.D. Miss. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Mississippi | Sep 2025 | Unidentified (the court was 'concerned' the citations were generative-AI output; no tool named) | Warning | Pending | May 2026 |
| Facey v. Fisher | N.Y. Sup. Ct. New York Supreme Court, New York County | Sep 2025 | not named (court directed counsel to file affirmation disclosing AI/chatbot use) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Yi-Sheng Fang, et al. v. Hechalou US LLC, et al. | C.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Central District of California | Sep 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $2,418.50 | May 2026 |
| Noland v. Land of the Free, L.P. | Cal. Ct. App. California Court of Appeal, Second District, Division Three | Sep 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $10,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Mid-America Apartment Communities, Inc. v. Philipson | W.D. Tenn. U.S. District Court for the Western District of Tennessee, Western Division | Sep 2025 | Generative AI (unspecified; defendant had acknowledged AI use at prior status conferences) | Other | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| United States v. Brewer | M.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida, Orlando Division | Sep 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Robinson v. Oglala Sioux Tribe | W.D. Okla. U.S. District Court, Western District of Oklahoma | Sep 2025 | Generative AI (specific tool not identified on the record; Plaintiff's filings repeatedly contained non-existent and misrepresented legal authority) | Court sanction | Dismissal with prejudice | May 2026 |
| Tercero v. Sacramento Logistics, LLC | E.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California | Sep 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $1,500 | Apr 2026 |
| CommNV, LLC v. Uprise, LLC | Nev. 2d Jud. Dist. Ct. (Washoe County) Second Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada, Washoe County | Sep 2025 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | $5,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Hill v. Workday, Inc. | N.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Northern District of California | Sep 2025 | CoCounsel | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| In re Whitehall Pharmacy LLC | Bankr. E.D. Ark. U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of Arkansas | Sep 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Lewis v. Entergy Mississippi, LLC | S.D. Miss. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Mississippi, Northern Division | Sep 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Davis v. Marion County Superior Court Juvenile Detention Center | S.D. Ind. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Indiana, Indianapolis Division | Sep 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $7,500 | May 2026 |
| Clerk of the Court and Comptroller for the 13th Judicial Circuit, Hillsborough County, Florida v. Rangel | Fla. 2d DCA District Court of Appeal of Florida, Second District | Aug 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Bar discipline | Pending | May 2026 |
| Allbaugh v. University of Scranton | M.D. Pa. U.S. District Court, Middle District of Pennsylvania | Aug 2025 | Not named in the August 28 sanction order; the court's underlying standing civil practice order on generative AI references ChatGPT and Bard as examples | Court sanction | $1,000 | May 2026 |
| Lee v. R&R Home Care, Inc. | E.D. La. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana | Aug 2025 | Google Gemini | Court sanction | $1,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Multiphone Latin America Inc. v. Millicom International Cellular S.A. | S.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida | Aug 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Bar discipline | Pending | May 2026 |
| Thackston v. Driscoll | W.D. Tex. U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas | Aug 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| In re Richburg | Bankr. D.S.C. U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of South Carolina | Aug 2025 | Microsoft Copilot | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Pennantia, LLC v. Rose Cay Maritime, LLC | S.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York | Aug 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Betancourt Gómez v. Colegio de Profesionales de la Enfermería de Puerto Rico | P.R. T.P.I. (San Juan) Tribunal de Primera Instancia, Sala Superior de San Juan (Puerto Rico) | Aug 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $1,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Chenco Engineering & Consulting GmbH v. Do-Fluoride New Materials Co. Ltd. | D. Idaho U.S. District Court, District of Idaho | Aug 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| In re R.L. | Ill. App. 4th Dist. Appellate Court of Illinois, Fourth District | Aug 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Lahti v. Consensys Software Inc. | S.D. Ohio U.S. District Court, Southern District of Ohio | Aug 2025 | Unidentified generative AI (the court found fictitious citations with 'the hallmarks of text generated by a large language model'; no specific tool named) | Warning | Pending | May 2026 |
| Williams v. Kirch | Ind. Ct. App. Court of Appeals of Indiana | Aug 2025 | Generative artificial intelligence inferred from fictitious case citations; specific tool not identified | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Xu v. Nasser (In re Nasser) | Bankr. E.D. Mich. United States Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of Michigan, Southern Division | Aug 2025 | Unspecified generative AI (suspected; not confirmed by counsel) | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Monster Energy Co. v. Owoc | S.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida | Aug 2025 | Generative AI (Owoc acknowledged at the Show Cause hearing that AI generated the fake citations; specific tool not named) | Court sanction | Non-monetary: 10 hours community service within 20 days of the order; prospective AI disclosure and certification requirement for all future filings in this matter; no monetary sanction | May 2026 |
| Nora v. M & A Transport, Inc. | E.D. La. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana | Aug 2025 | Westlaw Precision (AI-assisted research) | Court sanction | $1,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Chavez-DeRemer v. NAB, LLC | D. Nev. U.S. District Court, District of Nevada | Aug 2025 | Generative AI (court referenced ChatGPT and similar tools as exemplars) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Hocog v. Cook-Huynh | Guam Super. Ct. Superior Court of Guam | Aug 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Hall v. The Academy Charter School | E.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York | Aug 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| In re S.M., a Minor | Ill. App. Ct. (4th Dist.) Illinois Appellate Court, Fourth District | Aug 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $1,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Pineda v. Campos | Ariz. Ct. App. Arizona Court of Appeals, Division One | Aug 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| In re A.S., I.P., J.P., and S.S. (Julian S., Respondent-Appellant) | Ill. App. Ct. Appellate Court of Illinois, Fourth District | Aug 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $1,000 | Apr 2026 |
| In re A.S. | Ill. App. (4th) Appellate Court of Illinois, Fourth District | Aug 2025 | Generative AI inferred (Justice Knecht: 'a reasonable conclusion based upon our review of the briefing'; counsel did not admit AI use in this case but had admitted to it weeks earlier in In re Baby Boy) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Hunter Tellez v. Proiettii | E.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California | Aug 2025 | Implied (court found fabricated and misrepresented case law; specific tool not identified) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Advani v. Appellate Term, 2nd Judicial Department | S.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York | Aug 2025 | Implied (court suspected AI-generated fabrications; specific tool not identified) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Coronavirus Reporter Corporation v. Apple Inc. | N.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Northern District of California | Jul 2025 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Idehen v. Stoute-Phillip | N.Y. Civ. Ct., Queens Cty. Civil Court of the City of New York, Queens County | Jul 2025 | Microsoft Copilot | Court sanction | $1,000 | May 2026 |
| Robbins v. Martin Law Firm, P.L. | M.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida, Fort Myers Division | Jul 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Seither & Cherry Quad Cities, Inc. v. Oakland Automation, LLC and AP Electric, Inc. v. Oakland Automation, LLC (consolidated) | E.D. Mich. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan, Southern Division | Jul 2025 | Generative AI / Large language models (court characterized the citations as 'false citations generated by so-called artificial intelligence (AI)'; specific tool not named on the record) | Court sanction | $1,485 to defense counsel | May 2026 |
| Seither & Cherry Quad Cities, Inc. v. Oakland Automation, LLC | E.D. Mich. U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan | Jul 2025 | Generative AI / large-language model (unspecified; counsel acknowledged using 'artificial intelligence' to supplement research) | Court sanction | $1,485.00 | Apr 2026 |
| Pop Top Corp. v. Rakuten Kobo Inc. | N.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Northern District of California | Jul 2025 | ChatGPT (implied) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Nunez v. American Airlines, Inc. | S.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida | Jul 2025 | Unspecified generative AI (court confirmed neither cited authority exists; AI-generated hallucination implied from pattern and collecting authority; specific tool not named) | Pending | R&R recommends dismissal with prejudice as a sanction for submission of fake case law and continued Local Rules violations; recommendation pending adoption by District Judge Altman as of the verified record | May 2026 |
| Elizondo v. City of Laredo | S.D. Tex. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas, Laredo Division | Jul 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $2,500 | Apr 2026 |
| In re CorMedix Inc. Securities Litigation | D.N.J. U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey | Jul 2025 | ChatGPT, used by a law-school intern (temporary assistant) in chambers without authorization or disclosure, per Judge Neals's October 20, 2025 letter to Senator Grassley | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Johnson v. Dunn | N.D. Ala. U.S. District Court, Northern District of Alabama | Jul 2025 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Vita Law Offices, P.C. v. Lockridge Grindal Nauen P.L.L.P. | D. Mass. U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts | Jul 2025 | Microsoft Copilot | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| In re Baby Boy and A.H., Minors | Ill. App. Ct. (4th Dist.) Appellate Court of Illinois, Fourth District | Jul 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $7,925.62 | May 2026 |
| Rotharmel v. Dauphin County Children & Youth Services | M.D. Pa. U.S. District Court, Middle District of Pennsylvania | Jul 2025 | Callidus AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| In re Marla C. Martin | Bankr. N.D. Ill. U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division | Jul 2025 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | $5,500 | Apr 2026 |
| Parrish v. Miller | S.D. Ind. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Indiana | Jul 2025 | Implied (court did not affirmatively identify AI use; cited cases either egregiously miscited or do not exist) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Augustin v. Formula 3 Brooklyn Inc. | Sup. Ct. Kings Cty. New York Supreme Court, Kings County | Jul 2025 | Unidentified (the court found the defendants used 'artificial intelligence software'; no specific tool named) | Warning | Pending | May 2026 |
| ByoPlanet International, LLC v. Johansson | S.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida | Jul 2025 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | $85,567.75 | Apr 2026 |
| Jackson v. Auto-Owners Insurance Company | M.D. Ga. U.S. District Court, Middle District of Georgia | Jul 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $1,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Crespo v. Tesla, Inc. | S.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida | Jul 2025 | Generative AI (plaintiff used AI to generate discovery motions per the docketed Order to Show Cause; specific tool not named on the docket text we have) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Kessler v. City of Atwater | E.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California | Jul 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Iowa Sup. Ct. Att'y Disciplinary Bd. v. Turner (reinstatement) | Iowa Sup. Ct. Iowa Supreme Court Attorney Disciplinary Board | Jul 2025 | AI (unspecified generative tool) | Pending | Pending | May 2026 |
| Kaur v. Desso | N.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Northern District of New York | Jul 2025 | Claude Sonnet 4 | Court sanction | $1,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Coomer v. Lindell | D. Colo. U.S. District Court, District of Colorado | Jul 2025 | Microsoft Copilot, Westlaw AI, Google Gemini, Grok, Claude, ChatGPT, Perplexity | Court sanction | $6,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Gamble v. Gamble (R&G caption: Smith v. Gamble) | Ohio Ct. App. (12th Dist.) Ohio Court of Appeals, Twelfth Appellate District | Jul 2025 | Unidentified generative AI (the court referenced a federal case involving 'a brief generated by artificial intelligence' as comparable; the appellee's specific tool was not identified on the record) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Tijerino v. Spotify USA Inc. | E.D. La. U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana | Jul 2025 | Unidentified live AI assistant (the order describes an 'artificial intelligence program' Mr. Tijerino used to respond during a meet-and-confer; the specific tool is not named) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Sharita Hill v. State of Oklahoma ex rel. Oklahoma Medical Marijuana Authority | W.D. Okla. U.S. District Court, Western District of Oklahoma | Jul 2025 | Implied (not disclosed by counsel) | Other | None (admonishment only) | Apr 2026 |
| Shahid v. Esaam | Ga. Ct. App. Georgia Court of Appeals, First Division | Jun 2025 | AI (unspecified) | Court sanction | $2,500 | May 2026 |
| Twist It Up, Inc. v. Annie International, Inc. | C.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Central District of California | Jun 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $500 | May 2026 |
| Dastou v. Holmes | Middlesex Sup. Ct. Massachusetts Superior Court, Middlesex County | Jun 2025 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Romero v. Goldman Sachs Bank USA | S.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York | Jun 2025 | Implied (court suspected AI-generated citations; specific tool not identified) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Mintvest Capital, LTD v. NYDIG Trust Company | D.P.R. U.S. District Court, District of Puerto Rico | Jun 2025 | Claude | Court sanction | Opposing counsel's fees (amount not yet quantified) | May 2026 |
| Rochon-Eidsvig v. JGB Collateral, LLC | Tex. App. (5th Dist.) Texas Court of Appeals, Fifth District at Dallas | Jun 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Powhatan County School Board v. Skinger | E.D. Va. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia, Richmond Division | Jun 2025 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Roark v. American Airlines Group, Inc. | D. Conn. U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut | May 2025 | Generative artificial intelligence (Court found 'misstatements throughout the filing are likely the product of generative artificial intelligence'; specific tool not identified by name on the record) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Woodmen of the World Life Insurance Society v. Hale | W.D. Tex. U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas, San Antonio Division | May 2025 | Generative AI (tool not specified by court; pro se defendant's filing relied on what the court characterized as an 'artificial intelligence (AI) tool') | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Delano Crossing 2016, LLC v. County of Wright | Minn. Tax Ct. Minnesota Tax Court, Regular Division | May 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Garner v. Kadince | Utah Ct. App. Utah Court of Appeals | May 2025 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | Attorney fees + client fee refund + $1,000 to access-to-justice nonprofit | May 2026 |
| Anita Krishnakumar et al. v. Eichler Swim and Tennis Club | Cal. Super. Ct. (Santa Clara Cnty.) Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara | May 2025 | Unspecified generative AI (implied by court) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Mid Central Operating Engineers Health & Welfare Fund v. HoosierVac LLC | S.D. Ind. U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana | May 2025 | Generative AI (unspecified) | Court sanction | $6,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Concord Music Group, Inc. v. Anthropic PBC | N.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Northern District of California | May 2025 | Claude.ai | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Versant Funding LLC v. Teras Breakbulk Ocean Navigation Enterprises LLC | S.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida | May 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $1,500 | Apr 2026 |
| Gjovik v. Apple Inc. | N.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Northern District of California | May 2025 | Unidentified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Benshoof v. Chin | W.D. Wash. U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington | May 2025 | Generative AI inferred from the citation pattern; specific tool not identified on the record | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Keaau Development Partnership LLC v. Lawrence | Haw. Ct. App. Intermediate Court of Appeals of the State of Hawai'i | May 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $100 | May 2026 |
| United States v. Burke | M.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida, Tampa Division | May 2025 | Westlaw (including AI features and Quick Check) and ChatGPT Pro (GPT-4.5) Deep Research | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Ramirez v. Humala | E.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York | May 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $1,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Newbern v. DeSoto County School District | N.D. Miss. U.S. District Court, Northern District of Mississippi | May 2025 | Generative AI implied; the order references fabricated case-law citations characteristic of AI hallucination output | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| In re Daniel M. Risis | Bankr. D.N.J. U.S. Bankruptcy Court, District of New Jersey | May 2025 | 'Kasper' (a self-built AI assistant created by the debtor) | Other | None monetary (16 AI-signed submissions struck and denied without prejudice; AI agent representation denied; motion to integrate AI agent with PACER denied) | May 2026 |
| Lacey v. State Farm General Insurance Co. | C.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Central District of California | May 2025 | CoCounsel, Westlaw Precision, and Google Gemini (multi-tool workflow) | Court sanction | $31,100 | May 2026 |
| Flowz Digital LLC v. Dalal | C.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Central District of California | May 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Benjamin v. Costco Wholesale Corp. | E.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York | Apr 2025 | ChatOn | Court sanction | $1,000 | May 2026 |
| Truong v. Flint Hills Resources, LLC | S.D. Tex. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas, Corpus Christi Division | Apr 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Bevins v. Colgate-Palmolive Co. | E.D. Pa. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania | Apr 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Puerto Rico Soccer League NFP, Corp. v. Federacion Puertorriquena de Futbol | D.P.R. U.S. District Court, District of Puerto Rico | Apr 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $24,492 | Apr 2026 |
| Aponte v. Portfolio Recovery Associates, LLC | E.D. Ark. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Arkansas | Apr 2025 | Generative AI implied; the show-cause order addressed defective citations characteristic of AI hallucination output | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Gordon v. Wells Fargo Bank N.A. Inc. | M.D. Ga. U.S. District Court, Middle District of Georgia, Macon Division | Apr 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Warning | None (Rule 11 warning; sanctions reserved for any future failure to comply with Rule 11 obligations, with the Court noting Plaintiff 'may incur a substantial penalty' including attorney's-fees award, monetary penalty to the Court, or dismissal of the lawsuit) | May 2026 |
| Daniel Jaiyong An v. Archblock, Inc. | Del. Ch. Delaware Court of Chancery | Apr 2025 | Generative AI (unspecified) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| D'Angelo v. Vaught | Ill. App. Illinois Appellate Court | Apr 2025 | Archie (Smokeball) | Court sanction | $2,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Dehghani v. Castro | D.N.M. U.S. District Court, District of New Mexico | Apr 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $1,500 | Apr 2026 |
| Enzor / Bennington DUI matter (Vt.) | Vt. Super. Ct. Vermont Superior Court, Bennington Unit (Criminal Division) | Apr 2025 | AI (unspecified generative tool) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Kruglyak v. Home Depot U.S.A., Inc. | W.D. Va. U.S. District Court, Western District of Virginia, Abingdon Division | Mar 2025 | ChatGPT and Gemini (Kruglyak acknowledged using free generative-AI tools to conduct legal research) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Loyer v. Wayne County, Michigan | E.D. Mich. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan, Southern Division | Mar 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Stevens v. BJC Health System | Mo. Ct. App. E.D. Missouri Court of Appeals, Eastern District, Division Three | Mar 2025 | AI (inferred by the court; not acknowledged by the appellant) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Norman v. Beaumont Independent School District | E.D. Tex. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas, Beaumont Division | Mar 2025 | Generative AI (tool not specified by court; sanctioned attorney completed two AI ethics CLE courses in response to a prior sanction) | Court sanction | $2,000.00 monetary penalty plus mandatory CLE | May 2026 |
| Mark Lillard v. Offit Kurman, P.A. | Del. Super. Ct. Delaware Superior Court, New Castle County | Mar 2025 | Unidentified (the plaintiff acknowledged using generative AI to prepare his filing; no specific tool or platform named) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Nguyen v. Savage Enterprises | E.D. Ark. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Arkansas, Central Division | Mar 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $1,000 | May 2026 |
| Merz v. City of Kalama | W.D. Wash. U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington | Feb 2025 | Unspecified generative AI (referenced on the record by the litigant as 'Artificial Intelligence') | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Wadsworth v. Walmart Inc. | D. Wyo. U.S. District Court, District of Wyoming | Feb 2025 | MX2.law (Morgan & Morgan in-house AI platform) | Court sanction | $3,000 (Ayala) + $1,000 each (Morgan, Goody); Ayala's pro hac vice revoked | May 2026 |
| Gonzalez v. Texas Taxpayers and Research Association | W.D. Tex. U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas | Jan 2025 | Lexis Nexis AI | Court sanction | $3,961 | May 2026 |
| Arajuo v. Wedelstadt | E.D. Wis. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Wisconsin | Jan 2025 | Unspecified generative AI (court referenced ChatGPT as example) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe | C.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Central District of California | Jan 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| United States v. Hayes | E.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California | Jan 2025 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $1,500 | May 2026 |
| Kohls v. Ellison | D. Minn. U.S. District Court, District of Minnesota | Jan 2025 | AI (via expert declaration from Prof. Jeff Hancock) | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Al-Hamim v. Star Hearthstone, LLC | Colo. Ct. App. Colorado Court of Appeals | Dec 2024 | AI (unspecified) | Other | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Gauthier v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. | E.D. Tex. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas | Nov 2024 | Claude | Court sanction | $2,000 | May 2026 |
| Kasten Berry Inc. v. Stewart | D. Kan. U.S. District Court, District of Kansas | Nov 2024 | Unidentified generative AI tool | Court sanction | Counsel agreed to reimburse opposing party's fees; specific dollar amount not fixed in the November 14, 2024 order | Apr 2026 |
| Churchill Funding I LLC v. 732 Indiana, LLC | Cal. Super. Ct. (L.A. Cnty.) Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles, West District (Santa Monica) | Oct 2024 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | Apr 2026 |
| Mortazavi v. Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc. | C.D. Cal. U.S. District Court, Central District of California | Oct 2024 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | $2,500 | Apr 2026 |
| Thomas v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue | T.C. U.S. Tax Court | Oct 2024 | Implied (large language model suspected; counsel denied knowing use, but court found Pretrial Memorandum bore the hallmarks of LLM output) | Court sanction | None (symbolic sanction; Pretrial Memorandum deemed stricken) | Apr 2026 |
| Young v. Daniel Boone Area School District | E.D. Pa. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania | Sep 2024 | Generative AI generally (the order references concerns about generative AI generating 'legally or factually incorrect information' and 'unsupported or nonexistent legal citations') | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| United States v. Michel | D.D.C. U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia | Aug 2024 | EyeLevel.AI (generative AI) | Other | None | Apr 2026 |
| Rasmussen v. Rasmussen | Cal. Super. Ct. (Sonoma Cnty.) Superior Court of California, County of Sonoma | Aug 2024 | Unspecified generative AI | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Dukuray v. Experian Information Solutions | S.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York | Jul 2024 | Unidentified (defendants suggested ChatGPT or similar; plaintiff did not deny) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Iovino v. Michael Stapleton Associates, Ltd. | W.D. Va. U.S. District Court for the Western District of Virginia, Harrisonburg Division | Jul 2024 | Anthropic Claude 3 Opus (per counsel's sworn declaration); MSA characterized the errors in its opposition brief as 'ChatGPT run amok' | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Leslie v. IQ Data Int'l | N.D. Ga. U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta Division | Jun 2024 | Implied (generative AI use inferred from the citation pattern; specific tool not identified on the available record) | Court sanction | None (case dismissed with prejudice as the sanction) | May 2026 |
| United States v. Cohen | S.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York | Mar 2024 | Google Bard (specifically named; Cohen described it on the record as 'a super-charged search engine') | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| In re Thomas Grant Neusom | M.D. Fla. U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida | Mar 2024 | Unspecified (attorney admitted he 'may have used artificial intelligence') | Bar discipline | Pending | May 2026 |
| Morgan v. Community Against Violence | D.N.M. U.S. District Court, District of New Mexico | Feb 2024 | ChatGPT (referenced in opinion footnote discussing legal-ethics implications of AI-authored motions) | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Kruse v. Karlen | Mo. Ct. App. E.D. Missouri Court of Appeals, Eastern District | Feb 2024 | AI (unspecified) | Court sanction | $10,000 | Apr 2026 |
| Smith v. Farwell | Norfolk Sup. Ct. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Norfolk Superior Court | Feb 2024 | Unidentified generative AI system (the court was unable to identify the specific product used; plaintiff's counsel represented he did not know which AI system his associate had used to prepare the oppositions) | Court sanction | $2,000 payable to the Clerk of Court within 10 days | Apr 2026 |
| Park v. Kim | 2d Cir. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit | Jan 2024 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| People v. Crabill | Colo. OPDJ Colorado Office of the Presiding Disciplinary Judge | Nov 2023 | ChatGPT | Bar discipline | 1 year + 1 day suspension; 90 days active | Apr 2026 |
| In re Celsius Network LLC | Bankr. S.D.N.Y. United States Bankruptcy Court, Southern District of New York | Nov 2023 | Unspecified generative AI | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Thomas v. Pangburn | S.D. Ga. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Georgia, Savannah Division | Oct 2023 | Generative AI inferred from the citation pattern; Plaintiff did not disclose the source. Plaintiff said only that he 'relied on research [he] conducted by [him]self' and 'assumed the citations provided were accurate and reliable' (Doc. 47). | Court sanction | Pending | May 2026 |
| Ex parte Lee | Tex. App.—Waco Court of Appeals of Texas, Tenth District (Waco) | Jul 2023 | Unspecified generative AI | Other | Pending | May 2026 |
| Mata v. Avianca, Inc. | S.D.N.Y. U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York | Jun 2023 | ChatGPT | Court sanction | $5,000 | May 2026 |
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