N.D. Tex. (Bankruptcy): N.D. Tex. Bankruptcy General Order 2023-03: Pleadings Using Gener…
Adopted by the judges of the Northern District of Texas Bankruptcy Court (district-wide general order) · U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Texas
Verified April 27, 2026
- Citation
- N.D. Tex. Bankruptcy General Order 2023-03: Pleadings Using Generative AI
- Order date
- June 21, 2023
Summary
If any portion of a pleading or other paper filed on the Court's docket has been drafted utilizing generative AI (including ChatGPT, Harvey.AI, or Google Bard), all attorneys and pro se litigants filing such papers must verify that any AI-generated language was checked for accuracy using print reporters, traditional legal databases, or other reliable means.
What does the order require?
- If any portion of a pleading or other paper filed on the Court's docket has been drafted utilizing generative AI (including ChatGPT, Harvey.AI, or Google Bard), all attorneys and pro se litigants filing such papers must verify that any AI-generated language was checked for accuracy using print reporters, traditional legal databases, or other reliable means.
- AI systems hold no allegiance to any client, the rule of law, or the laws and Constitution of the United States and are not factually or legally trustworthy sources without human verification.
- Failure to comply may subject attorneys or pro se litigants to sanctions under Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 9011.
- No mandatory disclosure or separate certification. Rule 9011 verification responsibility on use.
Practice areas: bankruptcy
What the order requires
Signed June 21, 2023, N.D. Tex. Bankruptcy General Order 2023-03 is one of the earliest district-wide bankruptcy AI orders in the country (preceded only by the Mata v. Avianca aftermath in S.D.N.Y. district court). It imposes a Rule 9011 verification obligation on AI-assisted filings without requiring a separate disclosure or certification block.
The order’s framing is unusually pointed: AI systems “hold no allegiance to any client, the rule of law, or the laws and Constitution of the United States.” That language signals the court’s view that AI cannot itself be a source of authority and must be treated as an unreliable input requiring human verification.
This order is not superseded by the 2025 N.D. Tex. district-court Local Civil Rule 7.2(f); the bankruptcy court and the district court are separate courts within the district.
Primary source
Court announcement: https://www.txnb.uscourts.gov/news/general-order-2023-03-pleadings-using-generative-artificial-intelligence